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<h1 style="text-align: center;">Historian <br> (Time-Series Data)</h1>
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Introduction to the Historian Module
The Historian module Module enables the storage of tag values and their corresponding timestamps in SQL databases or third-party time-series databases. This module is designed to streamline the collection and storage of data in its time context.
The Historian module Module provides an out-of-the-box solution for archiving historical data without programming requirements. Although it is possible to include custom data logging procedures can be included in your solution using Scripts (.NET programming) and Datasets (SQL storage), the standard configuration tools of the Historian module Module can fulfill most typical data logging needs.
On this page:
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Key Concepts
Configuration of the Historian module is accomplished through the following sections: Target Database, Historian Table, and Historian Tag.
TargetDB
and Terms
HistorianTag
Tags whose values are stored in a HistorianTable, including dynamic references to external data.
HistorianTables
Groups Tags for historical archiving, defining settings for storage and retention.
StorageLocation
Defines where historian The TargetBD defines the database where variables will be archived or read to be used in for charts and calculations. The Target Database can be any SQL Database or, using the TagProvider Extensibility, it can also use third-party products designed to store long-term time-related values, known as time-series databases or Historian tools.
HistorianTable
The HistorianTable is a logical organization that groups Tags for historical archiving. Each Historian Table has a definition of which Target Database the group of Tags will be archived. You can also configure other standard settings that apply to all tags in that group in the Historian Table, such as when to save new data or how long to keep the data.
HistorianTag
The HistorianTag refers to any value contained in a Historian Table to be archived, whether an internal Tag or an external data reference. These variables are typically Tags defined in this platform, but you can also include dynamic references to external data using the TagProvider functionality.
Historian Functionality
The Historian module allows you to save process' values in time-series data. That data can then be used in Alarms and Displays.
The Historian module has a three-step archiving process:
Understanding the Historian Module
Module Features
- Embedded Canary Historian includes 100 free Canary historian tags with any license.
- The Historian Module works with the industry's major players (OSISoftPI, InfluxDB).
- Store and Forward function ensures your data will not be lost if the database is unavailable.
- Universal Time and Daylight Saving
Technical Overview
- You can define a Tag representing any data point you want to track over time.
- You can then add this Tag to a HistorianTable and configure settings like:
- How often to sample and store data (e.g., every second, every minute)
- Conditions to store the data (e.g., only when the value changes)
- Data retention policies (e.g., keep data for 1 year)
- The HistorianTable is associated with a StorageLocation, determining where the data will reside.
- The Historian Module regularly samples the tag's value and writes the time-series data to the designated StorageLocation according to the settings in the Historian Table.
Configuring the Historian Module
Configuration Workflow
An event triggers the request to archive a group of values. There are two types of events (Trigger or TagChange), which are configured in a Historian Table.
The Historian archives the values in the Target database. The Target Database can be a SQL Database or a TagProvider that is configured to act as a historian.
If Store and Forward is enabled, the data synchronization is executed. This option stores data in a local database if the Target Database is not available, and sends it to the target when it becomes available.
For a more detailed Historian execution explanation, check Archiving process.
Configuring the Historian module
The typical configuration workflow for the Historian Module has the following sequence.
Define the default TagHistorian SQL Database.Historian Module Configuration Workflow | ||
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Action | Where | Comments |
Define the default TagHistorian SQL Database | Historian → Storage Location | |
By default, TagHistorian maps to a SQLite database named and located |
the same as the Solution itself, followed by the proper FileExtension. Learn more at |
If using Canary, modify the default target to the Canary Historian | Historian → Storage Location | If using Canary, a connection with the local embedded Canary Historian is already included in the new solution. You can use that connection or modify it to connect to an external Canary System. Learn more at Historian Storage Locations. |
If necessary, add other Target Databases | Historian → Storage Location | If archiving or retrieving data from other Historian tools is necessary, add the connection in the Tag Providers. Mark the "Set as Historian Server" checkbox when creating the provider. Learn more at Historian Storage Locations. |
Create and Edit HistorianTables | Historian → Historian Tables | Add or modify HistorianTables, organizing how the Tags will be grouped for archiving and the Target Databases. Learn more at Historian Tables. |
Add Tags to the HistorianTables | Historian → Historian Tags | Connect Tags to the HistorianTables. Either by typing, browsing, pasting or any of the available import methods. Learn more at Historian Tags. |
Default Storage Location
When you create a new solution, the default database (Dataset.DB.TagHistorian) uses the embedded SQLite database provided in the Datasets Module. However, you can change the default option at any moment. Our platform lets you choose from various Historian options, including SQL databases, Canary Historian, or any available TagProvider powered by Historian tools. For a large quantity of tags, you can create HistorianTables to organize the storage into groups.
Monitor your data on Runtime. Learn more at Historian Monitor.
For detailed information, see Configuring The Historian Module.
Data is saved to a SQLite database by default. You can customize this to save in any other SQL database or external storage.
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You can use multiple Historian system with the same solution. One, already pre-defined, is the platform's built-in Historian using SQL databases. Additionally, you can use other Historian engines to solution, using the TagProviders to Historian packages, or using Script extensions. |
The table below describes the options available.
Database Option | Description |
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SQLDatabase | You can use any SQL-style database defined in the object HistorianTag available on Datasets → DBs. |
Canary Historian | The platform includes an embedded Canary Labs Historian, and you can also use it with external Canary systems. Read more information on the Canary Labs page. |
TagProviders for Historians (InfluxDB, others) | The TagProviders feature allows you to seamlessly integrate with third-party products, which can act as native and fully integrated historian repositories. This feature enables you to use current interfaces or additional products, which can be incorporated using the driver toolkit. See the list of Historian TagProvider at the page UNS TagProvider Connections. |
Custom | There is a programming Interface that allows a class within the Script Module to act as the Historian repository, the call to archive and retrieved data are directly to that Script Class, and your solution has the complete freedom on customizing the responses to those requests. |
Using SQLite or other SQL databases
By default, the SQLite is selected when creating new solution, but our built-in SQL Historian can work with any other SQL database.
See at Dataset Module configuration how to set a different SQL Database for the TagHistorian connection.
For other TagProvider Historian targets, please refer to the UNS TagProvider Connections configuration to define and configure their use.
Working with the Historian Module
Runtime Execution
You can control the Historian module execution while running your solution. To Run, Pause, or Stop the Historian module directly from the platform, go to Access Runtime → Runtime Diagnostics to control the module.
When the Solution runs, the Historian Module operates in an isolated process on the server computer. The main procedures executed by the module include:
- Checking if a request to store from a HistorianTable was generated (by the Trigger or OnTagChange events).
- Archiving the data as needed.
- Synchronizing with remote archives if store and forward or redundancy is enabled.
- Replying to requests from displays and scripts on querying the archived data.
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For deeper and advanced understanding of the execution see Historian Advanced Topics / Archiving Process |
Monitoring the Historian Module Execution
When the solution is in runtime, the Historian Monitor menu provides a way to monitor real-time information related to the Historian Module operation.
→ Read more about the Historian Monitor.
Displaying TrendCharts
It is possible to display charts to analyze and compare historical and real-time data.
That is accomplished on displays using the TrendChart Control.
Querying Data on Scripts
This enables querying and retrieving data from variables and historical tables through scripts.
That is accomplish by using directly the methods and properties available on the Historian Runtime Attributes.
Historian Advanced Topics
Archiving Process
The Archiving Process is the process of receiving new data from Tags and storing it in databases defined by the StorageLocation. You can define different configurations to trigger storing actions based on your needs and database restrictions.
→ Read more about theArchiving Process.
Historian Runtime Attributes
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Common Issues and Solutions
Data Not Being Stored
Check the HistorianTable configuration, Trigger or TagChange settings, and Target Database. Ensure the settings are correctly set up, and the database connection is valid.
Incomplete data
Ensure that the Historian module is started (IsStarted flag) and the archiving process is functioning correctly. Check for any error messages in the OpenStatusMessage string.
#Slow data retrieval
Enable the caching feature (EnableCache) to optimize performance when requesting large amounts of data.
Store and Forward Not Working
Verify if the Store and Forward feature is enabled and configured correctly. Check the local database and target database connections.
Database Connection Error
Check the database connection settings and ensure that the database is reachable.
Best Practices and Recommendations
To ensure the smooth operation of the Historian module, follow these best practices:
Use Descriptive Names for Historian Objects
Use clear and descriptive names for HistorianTables, tags, and other related objects.
Optimize Data Retrieval
Optimize data retrieval by enabling caching when working with large datasets.
Ensure Data Integrity with Store and Forward
Use Store and Forward to ensure data integrity in case of temporary database connection issues.
Plan Your Data Storage Strategy
Determine how much data you want to store and for how long you want to store it. It is important to plan your data storage strategy in advance so that you can optimize the historian module for your specific requirements.
Document Your Historians Configurations
Document your historian module configuration to make it easier to manage and maintain. This includes documenting data sources, data types, sampling rates, storage options, and performance optimizations.
Use Security Best Practices
Protect the historian module from unauthorized access by implementing security best practices such as user authentication, access control, and data encryption.
More on the Historian Module
To learn more about the Historian Module we recommend you visit the following pages:
Working with the Historian Module.
Information on Runtime Execution
How to Display TrendCharts
How to Query Data on Scripts
Information on Archiving Processes
Historian Runtime Attributes
Best Practices
In this section:
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